Gum Recession: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

Understanding Gum Recession: A Hidden Dental Threat

牙肉萎縮 is a common yet often overlooked dental condition in which the gum tissue surrounding the teeth pulls back, exposing more of the tooth or its root. This creates pockets between the teeth and gums, making it easier for disease-causing bacteria to build up. Left untreated, gum recession can lead to severe damage, including tooth loss.

What Causes Gum Recession?

1. Periodontal Diseases

Gum diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, are the leading causes of gum recession. These bacterial infections destroy gum tissue and the bone that holds teeth in place.

2. Aggressive Tooth Brushing

Using a hard-bristled toothbrush or brushing your teeth with excessive force can erode your gums.

3. Poor Oral Hygiene

Inadequate brushing and flossing can allow plaque to turn into tartar, which contributes to gum disease and recession.

4. Genetics

Some individuals may be genetically predisposed to thinner gum tissues, making them more vulnerable to recession.

5. Hormonal Changes

Hormonal fluctuations in women due to puberty, pregnancy, or menopause can increase gum sensitivity.

6. Tobacco Use

Smokers and users of other tobacco products are more likely to have sticky plaque that is hard to remove and causes gum recession.

Common Symptoms of Gum Recession

• Tooth sensitivity to hot or cold

• Longer-looking teeth

• Exposed roots

• Bleeding gums during brushing or flossing

• Swollen or red gums

• Bad breath or a persistent bad taste

How Is Gum Recession Diagnosed?

A professional dental exam is essential. Your dentist will use a periodontal probe to measure pocket depths around your teeth. Depths of 1–3 mm are normal. Anything deeper may indicate gum disease or recession.

Treatment Options for Gum Recession

1. Deep Cleaning (Scaling and Root Planing)

This nonsurgical procedure removes plaque and tartar from below the gum line.

2. Gum Graft Surgery

Tissue is taken from another part of your mouth (like the palate) and attached where the gums have receded.

3. Pinhole Surgical Technique (PST)

A minimally invasive method that requires no stitches, PST repositions the gum tissue to cover the exposed root.

4. Desensitizing Agents and Bonding

Used to reduce sensitivity and protect exposed roots.

Preventing Gum Recession

• Brush gently with a soft-bristle toothbrush

• Floss daily

• Visit your dentist twice a year

• Avoid tobacco products

• Use an antibacterial mouthwash

When to See a Dentist

If you notice any signs of gum recession or persistent discomfort, consult a dentist immediately. Early diagnosis can prevent severe complications.